401(k) Defined
401(k) plans are retirement vehicles that allow employees
to save for their own retirement. This type of plan was named for section
401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, which permits employees of
qualifying companies to set aside tax-deferred funds. We at 401k Forum are proud
to have the person who first developed the 401(k) plan, Ted Benna, as
a member of our Board of Directors. By making
this change to the Code in 1978, the government opened the door
for more efficient retirement planning for all Americans. It's
no exaggeration to say the 401(k) plan is the most important national
retirement effort since Social Security was introduced in the
1930s.
How It Works
The 401(k) mechanism is fairly simple. The plan is
set up by your employer as a defined contribution retirement
arrangement. That means you are the one who pays into the plan,
although your employer and the plan provider who offers your 401(k)
do just about all the work.
Your 401(k) contribution is automatically deducted
from your paycheck each pay period. This money is taken out and
invested before your paycheck is taxed. After you have
decided what percentage you want deducted from your check, and how
you want to invest it, your work is pretty much done.
Once the money is deducted from your paycheck, you can't spend it,
but it is yours. It grows in your personal 401(k) account.
Although you can withdraw the money for certain emergencies or
in some cases borrow against your investment, the money is intended
to stay in your account until you are at least 59 1/2.
While the investment is growing in your 401(k) account,
you do not pay any taxes on it. When you withdraw the money
at retirement, you pay taxes on the amount you withdraw from
your account (so you pay taxes little by little instead of
being hit with one big bill).
Employer Match
In some cases, employers make their own contributions
to your 401(k) plan. This contribution takes the form of an employer
match on your contribution. Usually the employer matches a certain
percentage of your contribution. For example, an employer may
elect to put in 50 cents for every dollar you contribute. That's
an immediate return on your contribution, regardless of how you
invest your 401(k) money.
Not every employer matches the employee contribution,
but in some cases the company will match the employee contribution
dollar-for-dollar.
What Do You Have To Do?
A 401(k) plan is an investment vehicle. Within the particular plan offered by your employer
there are a number of investment options (each plan has a different
set of options). These options may include mutual funds, guaranteed
investment contracts (GICs) and, in some cases, stock in your
employer. You decide which of these investments you want to buy,
and how much of your total contribution you want to put in each.
This is a key difference between paying into Social
Security and contributing to a 401(k). With Social Security, Uncle
Sam decides how to invest your money. With a 401(k) plan, you decide
for yourself. That may seem scary, but it gives you the opportunity
to invest in a range of high-quality, professionally managed and
potentially very lucrative investments. The Social Security Administration,
on the other hand is legally obligated to stick to a very narrow range of investments.
How Do You Know Your Money Is Safe In Someone Else's
Hands?
It is very easy to keep track of the savings in your
401(k) account. At regular intervals, you will receive an update telling you
how your investments performed. Most plans also provide toll-free
numbers and web sites you can access to keep track of your 401(k) holdings. You
can move the money around within your plan easily.
A 401(k) is the easiest savings plan available to most
American workers. It makes investing convenient and simple, and
encourages you to save for the long term.
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